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Divine grace is a theological term present in many religions. It has been defined as the divine influence which operates in humans to regenerate and sanctify, to inspire virtuous impulses, and to impart strength to endure trial and resist temptation;〔''OED'', 2nd ed.: grace(n), 11b〕 and as an individual virtue or excellence of divine origin.〔''OED'', 2nd ed.: grace(n), 11e〕 == Christianity == (詳細はGod as manifested in the salvation of sinners and the bestowing of blessings.〔''OED'', 2nd ed.: grace(n), 11a〕 It is God's gift of salvation granted to sinners for their salvation. Common Christian teaching is that grace is unmerited mercy (favor) that God gave to humanity by sending his son to die on a cross, thus delivering eternal salvation. This definition does not cover all uses of the term in scripture. For example (King James Version) "And the child grew, and waxed strong in spirit, filled with wisdom: and the grace of God was upon him." In this example when using the definition of grace to mean unmerited favor it does not make sense, to some, that the sinless Christ would need this. However many Christians believe that upon him means integral with or through him (John 1:17, NIV). This at its root means literally Christ dispenses Gods grace from himself. Equally some say, how can one fall short of grace? () or meekness attract it and pride repel it () if it is unmerited. However many Christians believe that the grace of God is accessed simply as an act of faith. Romans 3:23 (KJV) states "For all have sinned,and come short of the glory of God;" yet Romans 6:23 (NIV) states, "For the wages of sin is death (eternal separation from God) but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." In sum John 3:16 (KJV) says "For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son,that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life." For example James Ryle has suggested "Grace is the empowering Presence of God enabling you to be who He created you to be, and to do what He has called you to do." Alternatively Bill Gothard has suggested "God's grace gives us the desire and the power to do his will."〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Bill )〕 In the New Testament, the word translated as grace is the Greek word ''charis'' (; ), for which Strong's Concordance gives this definition; "Graciousness (as gratifying), of manner or act (abstract or concrete; literal, figurative or spiritual; especially the divine influence upon the heart, and its reflection in the life; including gratitude)" 〔(Strongnumbers.com Grk 5485 )〕〔Strong (2001) Grk entry number 5485 (p. 1653)〕 A Greek word that is related to ''charis'' is ''charisma'' (gracious gift). Both these words originated from another Greek word ''chairo'' (to rejoice, be glad, delighted).〔Strong (2001) Grk entry numbers 5486 and 5463〕 In the Old Testament, the Hebrew term used is ''chen'' 〔(Biblestudytools.com "Chen" )〕 (), which is defined in Strong's as "favor, grace or charm; grace is the moral quality of kindness, displaying a favorable disposition".〔Strong (2001) Hebrew entry number 2580 (p. 1501)〕 In the King James translation, ''chen'' is translated as "grace" 38 times, "favour" 26 times, twice as "gracious",〔Proverbs 11:16 and Ecclesiastes 9:11〕 once as "pleasant",〔Proverbs 5:19〕 and once as "precious".〔Proverbs 17:8〕 Within Christianity, there are differing concepts of how grace is appropriated. In particular, Catholics and Reformed Protestants understand the appropriation of grace in substantially different ways. It has been described as "the watershed that divides Catholicism from Protestantism, Calvinism from Arminianism, modern liberalism from conservatism".〔Charles C. Ryrie, ''The Grace of God'' (Chicago: Moody Press, 1963), pp. 10-11.〕 Catholic doctrine teaches that God has imparted Divine Grace upon humanity, and uses the vehicle of sacraments, carried out in faith, as a primary and effective means to facilitate the reception of his grace.〔http://www.saintaquinas.com/Justification_by_Grace. html〕 For Catholics, sacraments (carried out in faith) are the incarnational or tangible vehicle through which God's grace becomes personally and existentially received.〔Edward Schillebeeckx, ''Christ, the Sacrament of Encounter with God'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 1963), Foreword pp. 16〕 Reformed Protestants, generally, do not share this sacramental view on the transmittal of grace,〔http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Heaven_-_Heaven_in_Protestant_Christianity/id/1292134〕 but instead favor a less institutionalized mechanism. For example, in the Catholic Church, the primary initiation into a state of grace is granted by God through baptism (in faith) instead of by a simple prayer of faith (sinner's prayer); although, Catholics would not deny the possible efficacy of even a simple prayer for God's grace to flow (Baptism by desire) In another example, for Catholics, the sacrament of reconciliation (in faith) is the primary means of transmitting grace after a mortal sin has been committed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Divine grace」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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